In this visual essay, I will set out to explore the relationship between music and image and look to discover the correlation between the two themes and the ways in which they overlap and coexist. I intend to delve into the idea of identity through image and how it, alongside music, it’s audible counterpart, can develop and define an artist. I will analyse trends in fashion, styles of dress, subcultures and the impact of music video and how instrumental it can prove to be, to determine how music and image are linked and come together help to formulate an artist or brand identity.
Music creates unity. It’s a simple fact. Undeniably demonstrating an ability to bring people together in an atmospheric environment, be that a small and stuffy, sweat-soaked venue, Shepherd’s Bush Empire or Wembley Stadium, to enjoy a music show. People, who outside of those four walls may share no other common interest, but in that moment, it not mattering in the slightest. Image within music can be equally as powerful a tool; bands and artists who demonstrate iconic styles of dress, such as punk and glam rock to name but two, often inspire fans and followers to replicate them and do the same, helping to establish more common ground with one another and enhancing the sense of unity, not only at live shows but in society as a whole. It was suggested by Paul Willis that music and image share a homological relationship; he can be quoted as saying,
‘a homological relationship occurs where a particular group is deeply involved with an artefact or object, and clearly takes some meaning at some level from the artefact or object’. There are literally hundreds of genres of music, hundreds of sub-categories of artists and listeners alike, all pertaining to unique stereotypes. Not all of these stereotypes, however, are classified through the sound of the music itself, and rather sometimes by the appearance of the creators or the artists. For example, the recurring dress code in the genre of heavy metal, the image and presentation of the artists and the subsequent recreation of this by fans and followers – it goes to show how music and image can go hand-in-hand.
Continuing on with the topic of dress, a look back across the modern music timeline exhibits a myriad of music genres or subcultures characterised by style and image, as well as by portrayal in the media. Mods, Rockers, Skinheads, Punks and Goths – we’ve all heard of them, we can all probably picture them mentally, but do we really understand their significance or their roots? Probably not. Most of these forms of expression and demonstrations of individuality owe their existence to the Mod and Rocker movements, which were started in the fifties in post-WW2 Britain. A new-found sense of freedom swept the nation and so these two esteemed youth sub-cultures came to be. Mods were characterised by their tailor-made suits, riding Vespas and amphetamine-fuelled all-night dancing sessions, the roots of their subculture embedded in music genres such as modern jazz, soul, ska and R&B. Rockers, meanwhile, were characterised by leather jackets, motorcycles and rock n’ roll music. The Jam, The Who and even The Beatles must, to a degree, credit their style and image to the Mod movement, while artists such as Eddie Cochran and Gene Vincent were their esteemed Rocker counterparts. A Mod revival in the 1990s saw iconic Britpop superstars Oasis apply a modern twist on classic Mod fashion, with lead singer Liam Gallagher even going on to release his own Mod-inspired clothing line, Pretty Green. It is clear, then, that image, more specifically fashion in this context, is truly a crucial element within music, helping artists and fans to create their own, more often than not rebellious, identity. Deeper than that, the combination of music and image can formulate an entire social movement, which can develop to be based not only around music and fashion, but also deeper societal elements like politics, the importance of youth, the consumption of drugs and the need for societal recognition.
The onset of digital streaming has made music far more attainable, millions and millions of songs are now available through the means of a simple tap on a screen, granting users access to entire portfolios of artists’ work. Whilst, on the surface this can seem only like a good thing, in truth, the digital takeover has brought about the demise of lots of businesses. Outlets such as HMV have suffered terribly, with the demand for music in physical form dwindling considerably. Music television channels have also been hit hard by the onset of streaming, with some being forced to close down due to a lack of use, a notable example being Scuzz. This begs the question, then, can music videos really hold their own in today’s modern era? Despite the hardships faced by the aforementioned forms of music media, some have thrived during the digital takeover, most notably YouTube. What was once a primitive and basic online space for users to share videos is now a worldwide internet superpower, attracting considerable online traffic which, as of May 2018, stood at 1.8 billion users per month, closely following the world’s largest online platform, Facebook, which has over 2 billion users. What’s more, of the top 10 most viewed YouTube videos of all time, 9 are music videos, amassing over 25 billion views collectively. It is clear then that despite the success of streaming websites, there is still an enormous market for music videos, despite the dramatic change in the dominant platform on which they’re accessed. An area once, not only dominated, but pioneered by MTV, is now, whether we like it or not, firmly under the control of YouTube. I believe this to be a change which, once embraced, may be understood to be beneficial. YouTube allows users to explore, rate and comment on an artist’s entire portfolio of music videos, helping to create a buzz around and promote new work in a way that MTV could not and cannot match. This is important, because music videos can be a vital element in an artist’s identity – they can help to accentuate a message put across in the music, for example Childish Gambino’s video for ‘This is America’ or they can simply act as an entertaining visual accompaniment to the song, such as Red Hot Chilli Peppers’ video for ‘Californication’. Either way, they can help to build the image and reputation of artists and are, in my opinion, one of the greatest features of modern music.
The relationship between music and image is clear, it’s assured, it’s indisputable and it is integral. Without their image, one might question whether or not artists like Michael Jackson and Elvis would be as iconic as they are. Without the music, one might question whether or not the Mods or the Rockers would ever have come into fruition and gone onto inspire youth culture in the way that they did. In truth, the manifestation of image within music is broad and scattered, but that is precisely what makes the propinquity between the two themes so strong, they are intertwined with each other in so many ways, intricately interwoven in a such a manner to provide a uniquely interesting relationship.
Bibliography
Willis, P. (2019). Symbolism and practice. A theory for the social meaning of pop music. [online] Icce.rug.nl. Available at: http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME04/Symbolism_and_practice.shtml
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Horsfield, M. (2019). There’s a new breed of mods in the UK: it’s just a pity their music is no good. [online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/apr/26/modern-mods-music-no-good[Accessed 7 Jan. 2019].
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link to visual essay